I. ACE Inhibitors
II. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)

GLOSSARY
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme.
afterload arterial impedance, restriction to blood flow delivered
from the left ventricle; force against which the myocardium
contracts in systole; a major determinant of wall stress. aldosterone a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. arrhythmia general term for an irregularity or rapidity of the
heartbeat, an abnormal heart rhythm. converting enzyme the same as kininase II. heart failure a failure of the heart muscle to pump sufficient
blood from the chambers into the aorta; inadequate supply of
blood reaches organs and tissues. hyperkalemia high levels of serum potassium. hypertrophy increase in thickness of muscle. hypotension marked decrease in blood pressure, usually less
than 95 mmHg. infarct an area of cardiac necrosis caused by a disruption of
blood supply due to blockage of the supply artery. macula densa specialized cells in the kidney that control sodium
balance. media the middle wall of the arteries. myocardial infarction death of an area of heart muscle due to
blockage of a coronary artery by blood clot and atheroma;
medical term for a heart attack or coronary thrombosis. necrotic dead. nephropathy kidney disease. proteinuria a leak of protein from the kidney tubules into the

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• I. ACE INHIBITORS
  Since their introduction in 1980, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, because of their unique pharmacologic properties, have proven superior to other vasodilators in the management of heart failure and have come to play a key role in the therapy of hypertension. They are particularly useful in hypertensive patients with diabetes and proteinuria.
• II. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
  Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have beneficial effects similar to those of ACE inhibitors, but angioedema occurs less, and cough rarely occurs compared to ACE inhibitors.
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
  Bourassa, M. G. et al. Angiotensin II inhibition and prevention of atrial fibrillation and stroke. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 45:720–721, 2005.

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